Acetic acid: ib qho kev paub txog qhov tob tob
1. Pib
Acetic acid, nrog cov tshuaj siv tshuaj lom neeg \ (ch _3 cooh \), yog cov kua tsis muaj xim. Nws tseem muaj lub npe hu ua etanoic acid. Nws muaj tus yam ntxwv pungent tsw thiab qab zib. Acetic Acid yog lub tsev tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thiab muaj ntau cov ntawv thov hla ntau cov haujlwm.
2. Cov Khoom Siv
2.1 Cov Khoom Siv Lub Cev
Kev tshwm sim: Ntshiab, tsis muaj kua.
Tus ntxhiab: Muaj zog, pungent vinegar - zoo li tsw.
Melting taw tes: 16.6 Degree (61.9 Degree F). Ntawm qhov kub hauv qab no, acetic acid freezes rau hauv ib qho khoom, feem ntau hu ua "glacial acetic acid" vim nws cov dej khov - zoo li cov tsos.
Kub taw tes: 118.1 Degree (244.6 Degree F).
So: Nchuav tawm nrog dej, ethanol, ether, thiab ntau lwm cov kuab organic.
2.2 Tshuaj lom neeg
Cov acidion: Acetic acid yog qhov qaug zog acid. Nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous, nws tsis sib haum xeeb kom tso hydrogen ions (\})})} beo ^ {h ^ + \). Nws tuaj yeem hnov cov hauv paus los tsim cov ntsev, nrog sodium hydroxide (\ (n {{{}) Ch _3 coona + h _2 o \).
Kaum rau: Nws yooj yim nthuav tawm nrog dej cawv nyob rau hauv muaj ntawm cov acid catalyst (xws li sulfuric acid) los ua cov ntawv esters. Piv txwv li, thaum acetic acid reacts nrog ethanol, ethyl acetate (\ (ch {}} h} he} huag \ sab xis Ch _3 coc {{} h} h {} h} {10}}). Qhov kev hloov pauv no tau thim rov qab.
Oxidation: Acetic acid tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev mob, nws tuaj yeem oxidized rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide (\ (co {{}} \)) thiab dej.
3. Kev thov
3.1 Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj Khoom Haus
Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Txhaum Cai: Acetic acid, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vinegar (uas ib txwm {% acetic acid los ntawm ntim los ntawm ntim khoom), yog dav siv los ua cov zaub mov khaws cia. Nws tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, poov xab, thiab pwm, yog li txuas ntxiv cov khoom noj khoom haus xws li pickles, cov kua nyeem, thiab cov condiments.
Flasing Tus Neeg Sawv Cev: Nws yog siv los txhim kho cov khoom noj qab haus. Lub qaub saj ntawm acetic acid muab cov cim tsw zoo hauv cov khoom lag luam zoo li cov tshuaj nyias nyias, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo siv hauv kev ua noj, thiab qee hom khoom qab zib.
3.2 Kev lag luam chemical
ZUS TAU TEJ COV ACETSATES: Acetic acid yog siv los ua cov acetates ntau, xws li sodium acetate, poov tshuaj acetate, thiab calcium acetate. Cov acetment no muaj cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam zoo li cov tshuaj, cov ntawv nyeem, thiab kho cov dej. Piv txwv li, sodium acetate yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub qhwv cua sov raws li nws tuaj yeem tso tawm thaum tshav kub kub thaum crystallized.
Ester ntau lawm: Raws li tau hais ua ntej lawm, acetic acid yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj estre. Ethyl acetate, ib qho ntawm feem ntau estre tsim los ntawm acetic acid, yog siv dav ua cov kuab tshuaj, txheej, thiab kev lag luam nplaum. Nws tseem yog siv rau cov tawv tsiaj tsim thiab ua ib qho tsw qab nyob hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.
Vinyl acetat Monomer (VAM): Acetic acid yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov vinyl acetate monomer. VAM yog siv los ua polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) polymers, uas tau siv nyob rau hauv cov nplaum, xim, thiab txheej. PVAC - Raws cov nplaum muaj feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntoo ntoo thiab ntim khoom lag luam.
3.3 Kev lag luam kws tshuaj
Txuj Ci Tshuaj: Acetic acid yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab reagent nyob rau hauv cov hluavtaws ntawm ntau cov tshuaj. Nws koom rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov tshuaj xws li cov tshuaj aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). Cov tshuaj aspirin yog synthesized los ntawm reacting salicylic acid nrog acetic anhydride, uas yog muab tau los ntawm acetic acid.
PHOONATION: Hauv cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab, acetic acid lossis nws cov ntsev (acetates) yog siv los kho cov ph ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Tswj lub pH yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov kua formulations.
3.4 Textile Kev Lag Luam
Dyeing thiab luam ntawv: Acetic acid yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam textile kom kho cov pH thaum lub qhov dej ntxeev. Nws pab nyob rau hauv kev tsim nyog nqus ntawm dyes mus rau cov ntaub, ua rau muaj xim zoo dua thiab ntau dua xim. Hauv silk dyeing, acetic acid feem ntau siv los txhim kho qhov xim - cov kev sib cuam tshuam npuag.
4. Kev ua lag luam
4.1 Ntau Lawm thiab Kev Siv
Lub ntiaj teb acetic acet acid kev lag luam yog qhov loj thiab txuas ntxiv loj hlob. Asia, tshwj xeeb yog Tuam Tshoj, yog cov tsim kom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm acetic acid. Tuam Tshoj tus acetic acid ntau lawm tau ntau lawm tau nthuav dav nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no vim yog kev loj hlob ntawm vinyl acetate monomer thiab polyester.
North America thiab Europe tseem muaj cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov acetic acid kev lag luam yog tsav los ntawm kev nce qib los ntawm cov khoom lag luam - acid - cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li txheej ci, cov nplaum, thiab cov plastics, thiab plastics.
4.2 Kev Ua Lag Luam Zoo
Kev Xav Tau Ntau Rau Siab - Purity Acetic Acid: Raws li cov tshuaj lag luam thiab hluav taws xob kev lag luam loj hlob, muaj kev xav tau ntau - kev coj dawb huv acetic acid. Cov kev lag luam no yuav tsum aceticid acid nrog tsawg kawg ntawm kev ua kom muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam semiconduct, qib siab - dawb huv - purity acetic acid yog siv rau kev ntxuav thiab etching txheej txheem.
Kev Siv Cov Qauv Khoom Siv Mus Los: Muaj kev cog qoob loo ntawm kev tsim kev txhim kho ntau dua rau cov txheej txheem acetic acid. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv Bio - raws li cov khoom pub mis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Piv txwv li, qee cov tuam txhab tshawb fawb kev siv biomass - muab cov methanol los yog ethanol rau acetic acid ntau lawm, uas tuaj yeem txo cov hneev taw carbon monoxide actict ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.
5. Cia thiab Tsheb Thauj Mus Los
5.1 Cia
Ntaub ntawv: Acetic acid feem ntau khaws cia hauv stainless - cov hlau tso tsheb hlau, vim nws tiv taus corrosion los ntawm acetic acid. Rau siab - purity acetic acid, tshwj xeeb - cov hlau stainless - steel lossis iav lossis iav cov taub hlau yuav raug siv los tiv thaiv kev sib kis.
Yam xwm txheej: Nws yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, zoo - qhov chaw cua kom deb ntawm cov khoom ntawm ignition thiab cua sov. Txij li thaum acetic acid muaj qhov tseem ceeb melting point (16.6 Degree), hauv cov huab cua txias, tso tsheb hlau luam txias yuav tsum tau rhuab los tiv thaiv solerification.
5.2 Tsheb thauj mus los
Hom: Acetic acid tuaj yeem thauj los ntawm ntau yam kev, suav nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom, cov tsheb ciav hlau, thiab cov nkoj. Thaum thauj nyob rau hauv ntau ntau, feem ntau nqa nyob rau hauv cov tsheb loj tank lossis tsheb ciav hlau tank ua los ntawm stainless hlau. Rau kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, nws tau thauj khoom hauv stainless - steel lossis coated dej hiav txwv - mus tso dej.
Kev ceev faj kev nyab xeeb: Vim tias nws corrosive thiab flammable xwm, ceev faj kev ceev faj yog noj thaum thauj mus los. Cov thawv ntim tsheb thauj mus los yog tsim los ua kom muaj xau - cov ntawv pov thawj, thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom uas tsim nyog yog affixed. Thaum thauj khoom thiab thau khoom, cov txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los tiv thaiv spills thiab paub meej kev hloov pauv acetic acid.
6. Kev Txiav Txim Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb
Kev corrosiveness: Acetic acid yog ib qho tshuaj uas muaj xeb. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij hnyav rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ob lub qhov muag, thiab ua pa ua pa. Cov khoom tiv thaiv xws li tshuaj lom neeg - cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv hnab looj tes, goggles, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua pa yuav tsum hnav thaum tuav acetic acid.
Paj frammability: Nws yog nplaim taws, nrog lub ntsej muag flash ntawm ib ncig ntawm 39 degree (102 Qib F). Kev ceev faj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau kev ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov chaw uas acetic acid yog khaws cia lossis siv. Yog tias muaj hluav taws kub ua rau cov acetic acid, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog xws li carbon dioxide, dej qhuav, lossis dej cawv uas tiv taus ua npuas ncauj.
Lom zem: Inhalation lossis noj ntawm acetic acid yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev. Ntev tau raug rau cov kev siv acetic acid vapor tuaj yeem ua pa ua pa, thiab cov pa ua kom puas tsuaj rau lub plab zom mov. Kev ua cua kom txaus thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tau.
